French Literature and Thought in Credo: 19th Century

French novelist, born in Tours. Balzac ranks among the great masters of the novel.

French writer, b. Nîmes (Provence). Daudet made his mark with gentle naturalistic stories and novels portraying French life both in the provinces and in Paris.

French writer, known as Dumas père (the father). His popular historical romances were the reworked output of a ‘fiction-factory’ of collaborators.

French writer. One of the major novelists of the 19th century, he was the author of Madame Bovary (1857), Salammbô (1862), L'Education sentimentale/Sentimental Education (1869), and La Tentation de Saint Antoine/The Temptation of St Anthony (1874).

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
French writer. He was probably the most prominent French man of letters of his time.

French novelist, poet, and dramatist. His melodramatic novels include Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), and Les Misérables (1862).

French novelist and short-story writer. Maupassant is a modern exemplar of traditional French psychological realism; he portrays his characters as unhappy victims of their greed, desire, or vanity but presents even the most sordid details of their lives without sermonizing.

French novelist. He is one of the great literary figures of the modern age.

Famous now for her unconventional lifestyle and her numerous love affairs, Sand was in her lifetime a literary lioness and one of the most influential women of her generation.

French author of Le Rouge et le Noir (1831, tr. The Red and the Black), La Chartreuse de Parme (1839, tr. The Charterhouse of Parma).

From Chambers Biographical Dictionary
French novelist; had a profound influence on Victor Hugo, whose Les Misérables has much in common with Sue's Les Mystères de Paris (1843).

French writer, born in Nantes. Jules Verne began his series of Voyages extraordinaires dans les mondes connus et inconnus (“Extraordinary Voyages to Known and Unknown Worlds”) in 1862.

French novelist, b. Paris. He was a professional writer, earning his living through journalism and his novels.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
French playwright. He was a prolific author, often collaborating with other writers, particularly Marc Michel, and 175 plays are attributed to him. Most of his plays are light comedic vaudevilles, and he is largely responsible for transforming the vaudeville into the French farce.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
French author.

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
French playwright. He wrote poetry, essays, and plays for puppet theatre before his first stage play, The Red Glove, was performed in 1888. His most popular work is the heroic comedy Cyrano de Bergerac (1898), the story of an ugly, long-nosed soldier who despairs of winning the woman he loves and helps a friend woo her instead.

The novel became the dominant form of Western literature in the 19th cent., which produced many works that are considered milestones in the development of the form.

From The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
The term realism denotes both a diversely practiced stylistic method and a heterogeneous period in literary history, during which poetry is at best of secondary importance.

In literature and the visual arts, a style that emphasizes the imagination, emotions, and creativity of the individual artist. Romanticism also refers specifically to late-18th- and early-19th-century European culture, as contrasted with 18th-century classicismenses and emotions over reason and intellect.

Originating in France in the 1880s, Symbolism developed after Romanticism and before surrealism in its exploration of the world of imaginative, dreamlike fantasy.

French poet and critic. His poetry, classical in form, introduced symbolism (see symbolists) by establishing symbolic correspondences among sensory images (e.g., colors, sounds, scents).

From Chambers Biographical Dictionary
Born in Montevideo, Uruguay, the son of a consular officer, he went to France for his education, studying at both Pau and Tarbes, and going to Paris in 1867.

French poet. A leader of the Symbolist school, he became known as a poet's poet for his condensed, hermetic verse and unorthodox syntax, reaching for the ideal world of the intellect.

French poet who had a great influence on the symbolists and subsequent modern poets.

From The Hutchinson unabridged encyclopedia
French writer and poet. He was a precursor of French symbolism and surrealism.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
French poet. He gained some notice with the Parnassian poetry of Poèmes saturniens (1866) and Fêtes galantes (1869) and became a figure in the bohemian literary world of Paris.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
French Catholic socialist writer. He established a socialist publishing house in Paris.